INTRODUCTION
VICTORIAN POETRY (by Inma C. Sanchis Garcia-
Astilleros)
AESTHETIC
PRERAPHAELISM (By Annalisa Garofalo)
GEORGIAN POETS (By
Tania Sendra Ferragud)
MODERNISM (By Ani Tadevosyan)
NEW ROMANTICS IN
THE FORTIES (By M. Elena
Mármol Rodríguez)
THE GROUP (By Mari Carmen Mora Vives)
THE MOVEMENT (By Mari Carmen Mora Vives)
THE MODERNIST
TRADITION (BY SARA)
The Modernist Tradition was formed by some young poets that worked in
the fifties and who were very important for the main developments throughout
the next two decades. As an example of these poets, we can include Charles
Tomlinson, Roy Fisher, Bob Cobbing and Gael Turnbull who we are going to
analyse just after this introduction.
(cf. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englishpoetry)
Gael Turnbull was a Scottish poet who was an important precursor of the
British Poetry Revival which was a reaction to the Movement’s more conservative
approach to British poetry.
(cf. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GaelTurnbull)
He was very little related with the Romantic Movement and particularly,
with the topic of Love and Worship of
Nature but we have found out a link between him and William Blake.
In one of his works, Children of Albion: Poetry of the Underground
in
A main feature that characterizes Turnbull is that he recognized all the
time the talent of the poets who wrote and were writing since then and
encouraged and gave advice to the new writers.
(cf. http://www.nls.uk/catalogues/online/snpc/list.cfm?letter=G)
In this period, Charles Tomlinson was another author and in my opinion
had more in common with our topic because he explains the things that he wants
through some metaphors related with nature. He uses a lot of nature words, as
for example, “garden” (line 2), “raindrops” (line 6) and we can find a word
related with nature in the title “rain”. We had chosen in order to analyse it,
a poem called During Rain
included in his Selected Poems (1955-1997).
During Rain
Between
Slats of the garden
Bench, and strung
To their undersides
Ride clinging
Raindrops, white
With transmitted
Light as the bench
With paint: ranged
Irregularly
Seven staves of them
Shine out
Against the space
Behind: untroubled
By the least breeze they
Seem not to move
But one
By one as if
Suddenly ripening
Tug themselves free
And splash
Down to be
Replaced by an identical
And instant twin:
The longer you
Look at it
The stillness proves
One flow unbroken
Of new, false pearls,
Dropped seeds of now
Becoming then.
(cf.http://www.poetryarchive.com/poetryarchive/singlePoem.do?poemId=471
)
The first part of the poem is
explaining what a raindrop is. With the metaphor of the raindrop, the author of
this poem is trying to transmit us his opinion about what a governor is and
about what his paper in the society is.
For him, all these people
seem to be different but then, they have a lot of common characteristics. When
the citizens think that the period of one of them has finished, appears another
governor who is identical to the other. He says “and splash/ down to be/
replaced by an identical/ and instant twin”.
Finally, we can read in the
last lines “of new, false pearls,/ dropped seeds of now becoming then”, with
these words, we can interpret that he is criticizing the government and the
people who work in it because they are false people that are cheating all the
time if they are interested in something.
In order to sum up, we have to remark that Charles Tomlinson is all the
time criticizing the government because he doesn’t like its way of acting.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English
_poetry
Home: < www.wikipedia.org>
17/12/06
2. http://www.nls.uk/catalogues/online/snpc/list.cfm?letter=G
Home: <www.nls.uk>
17/12/06
3. http://www.poetryarchive.com/poetryarchive/singlePoem.do?poemId=471
Home: <www.poetryarchive.com>
17/12/06
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gael_Turnbull
Home: <www.wikipedia.org>
17/12/06
THE EXTREMIST ART
POETS (BY SARA)
The
first poet that used this label in order to describe the work of another author
was A. Alvárez and we also can associated this term with some English poets of
the fifties like Ted Hughes, Francis Berry and Jon Silkin.
(cf. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_poetry)
Within
this poetic movement, we are going to focus our attention on Edward James
Hughes, an English poet and children’s writer, relating him with the Romantic
characteristic of Love and worship of
Nature after exploring his poetry because his work is famous for its
symbolism, passion, and shadowy natural images.
His
earliest poetic work, Hawk in the Rain (1957), was based in the innocent
savagery of animals although his work was mostly about the cynical within
nature. He created a sense of violence and passion in natural events.
(cf. http://www.answers.com/topic/ted-hughes)
Hawk
Roosting is an example of the poems that are included in this work.
I sit in the top of the wood, my eyes closed.
Inaction, no falsifying dream
Between my hooked head and hooked feet:
Or in sleep rehearse perfect kills and eat.
The convenience of the high trees!
The air's buoyancy and the sun's ray
Are of advantage to me;
And the earth's face upward for my inspection.
My feet are locked upon the rough bark.
It took the whole of Creation
To produce my foot, my each feather:
Now I hold Creation in my foot
Or fly up, and revolve it all slowly -
I kill where I please because it is all mine.
There is no sophistry in my body:
My manners are tearing off heads -
The allotment of death.
For the one path of my flight is direct
Through the bones of the living.
No arguments assert my right:
The sun is behind me.
Nothing has changed since I began.
My eye has permitted no change.
I am going to keep things like this.
-- Ted Hughes
(cf.
http://www.cs.rice.edu/~ssiyer/minstrels/poems/42.html)
In the
first stanza, I think that the author wants to say us that humanity is tied and
it can’t do anything against the politics of the period. He writes it, for
instance, in the third line “Between my hooked head and hooked feet”. With “my
eyes closed” in the first line, he is emphasizing that people don’t want to see
what is happening.
Apart
from this, we can observe in the second stanza that the people look for “high
trees” in order to escape of this kind of problems and not fight against them.
In the
two following stanzas, he is talking about the politics, the people who have
the power who think that the entire world is their property. He says it through
the second line of the fourth stanza “I kill where I please because it is all
mine” for example.
Finally,
we can read in the sixth stanza that he is telling us that the people think all
we have said before but they don’t do anything and prefer not to rebel and
remain in the obscurity.
It is
said that in Hughes’ works he gave us a perspective of a very simple and bad
built world frequently.
(cf. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Hughes)
Another
feature that we can mention is his relation that Craige Raine can notice with
the Romantic poet, Keats. He says that both Hughes and Keats think that “poetry
should be natural and should come as easily as leaves to the tree”.
(cf. http://timesonline.co.uk)
In
conclusion, I would like to add that this author was also famous for their
intense images about the British background and the savage animal world. Apart
from his political issues, his poems also deal with nature.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Hughes
Home: < www.wikipedia.org>
17/12/06
2. http://www.answers.com/topic/ted-hughes
Home: <www.answers.com>
17/12/06
3. http://www.cs.rice.edu/ssiyer/minstrels/poems/42.html
Home: <www.cs.rice.edu>
17/12/06
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_poetry
Home: <www.wikipedia.org>
17/12/06
THE BRITISH POETRY
REVIVAL (by Arantxa Sarrió
Chaqués)
THE MERSEY BEAT
(by Arantxa Sarrió
Chaqués)
CONCLUSION